GTSI
THE GLOBAL
TRADE SECRET
INSTITUTE
THE GLOBAL TRADE SECRET INSTITUTE
MISSION
The Global Trade Secret Institute (GTSI) is a project of the University of Akron School of Law's IP & Technology Law Center. GTSI is dedicated to research and education regarding information security law worldwide. We are particularly interested in how well-designed and implemented legal systems for protecting confidential business information can contribute to national and global innovation and prosperity.
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Well-designed, balanced trade secret laws can help build strong, innovative, high-growth economies. Innovators are more likely to devote resources to R&D if their investments are secure from economic espionage, unscrupulous competitors, and cybertheft. Effective legal protection can also foster an environment of trust where businesses are more confident to hire and train new employees and collaborate with other businesses.
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Research shows that businesses rely on trade secret laws more than any other kind of intellectual property right. Trade secret protection is particularly important to small and medium enterprises as an affordable, accessible way to protect their innovations.
Despite the importance of trade secret protection, however, trade secret laws remain poorly understood worldwide.
GTSI is a key resource of expert knowledge about trade secret protection for policymakers, attorneys, businesses, researchers and other stakeholders. We update and publish the Trade Secret Protection Index, which tracks the development of national trade secret laws and facilitates economic and legal research regarding trades secret law and its eocnomic impact. We also produce scholarship, reports, and provide capacity building.
GTSI also fosters international discussion and cooperation regarding information security law by convening multilateral public-private dialogues regarding trade secret law.
THE GLOBAL TRADE SECRET INSTITUTE
PROGRAMS
THE TRADE SECRET BEST PRACTICES DIALOGUE
Starting in 2020, GTSI will serve as the convener of the Trade Secret Best Practices Dialogue, an ongoing public-private multilateral dialogue that seeks to study and identify best practices for implementing national trade secret laws.
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Since 2016, the Best Practices Dialogue has included leading experts, multinational businesses, and government representatives from the United States, Japan, Korea, Canada, Germany, Taiwan, and Singapore.
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Key issues on which the dialogue is focusing include:
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Access to evidence to prove trade secret cases
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Security of confidential information disclosed in litigation
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Border measures for preventing the import of goods and services produced with infringing trade secrets
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Regulatory disclosure requirements that impact confidential business information
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Addressing persistent bad actors with respect to trade secret theft in the global trading system
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In an article recently published in the George Mason Law Review, we explain the purpose and function of the Best Practices Dialogue.
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THE TRADE SECRET PROTECTION INDEX
The Trade Secret Protection Index (TPSI), a measure of the strength of national trade secret laws was originally co-created by University of Akron Prof. Mark Schultz and economist Dr. Douglas Lippoldt for the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in 2015.
The TSPI is a data-driven, objective index that measures the strength of trade secret protection in 39 countries from 1985 to the present day. GTSI is working to update and expand the TSPI, publishing it annually starting in 2019.
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Trade Secrets Protection Index, By Country and Component, 2010

Mark Schultz and co-author Douglas Lippoldt originally created the Trade Secret Protection Index for the OECD in two ground-breaking studies.
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Approaches to Protection of Undisclosed Information (Trade Secrets), explains the importance of trade secret law and establishes the TSPI, explaining its methodology and results.
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Uncovering Trade Secrets - An Empirical Assessment of Economic Implications of Protection for Undisclosed Data, uses the TSPI to assess the economic impact of trade secret law. It finds a positive relationship between the strength of trade secret laws and several important economic outcomes related to trade and innovation.
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For more on the TSPI, also see:
Uncovering Trade Secrets in Asia
Mark Schultz and co-author Douglas Lippoldt published this study in 2017. It uses the TSPI to assess trade secret protection in East and Southeast Asian markets.
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Trade Secrets, Innovation and the WTO
Mark Schultz and co-author Douglas Lippoldt published this policy paper for the International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development assessing the role of trade secrets in the global IP system and how international organizations might better incorporate them into the international IP policy agenda.
EDUCATION AND CAPACITY BUILDING
GTSI is a leading source of data-driven research and information about the global trade secret system. We seek to assist legislators, prosecutors, investigators, and judges better understand why and how to enforce trade secret laws.
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GTSI's scholars are frequently called upon by national governments and international organizations to provide teaching and educational materials on trade secret protection. For example, Prof. Schultz was recently produced a guide for the Government of India to protecting trade secrets for small and medium enterprises.
THE GLOBAL TRADE SECRET INSTITUTE
ABOUT US
Mark F. Schultz
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Mark Schultz is the Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Endowed Chair in IP Law at the University of Akron and Director of the IP & Technology Law Center. His research focuses on the law and economics of the global intellectual property system.
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Mark worked with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to co-author a groundbreaking global trade secret protection index (the TSPI). The TSPI is being used to frame policy discussions on this cutting-edge topic in capitals around the world. He currently co-chairs and organizes an ongoing public-private multilateral diplomatic dialogue on best practices in drafting and implementing national trade secret laws.
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Previously, he was co-founder of the Center for Protection of Intellectual Property (CPIP) at George Mason University, which he helped lead from 2012 to 2018. CPIP explores how stable and effective property rights in innovation and creativity can foster successful and flourishing individual lives and national economies.
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Professor Schultz is frequently called on to help governments and international organizations with IP policy and capacity building. He has testified before the U.S. House Judiciary Committee on IP issues and briefed the staff of the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee on the legislation that became the Defend Trade Secrets Act. He has spoken at programs hosted by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the U.S. Trade Representative, and the U.S. Copyright Office, as well as numerous universities, think tanks, and industry groups. He also served as an NGO delegate to WIPO for several years during the WIPO Development Agenda talks.
Prof. Schultz serves as an expert on the U.S.-India IP Cooperation Dialogue, a public-private bi-lateral dialogue that includes both countries' governments, civil society, and experts from both countries. As part of the Dialogue, he is working with Indian colleagues on projects to promote effective trade secret protection in India.
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​Professor Schultz graduated with honors from the George Washington University School of Law. Following law school, he was a judicial clerk for the Hon. Daniel M. Friedman of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in Washington, D.C., and the Hon. Eric G. Bruggink of the United States Court of Federal Claims. Prior to joining academia, he practiced law for a decade, serving as outside general counsel to several tech startups and helping technology companies to expand their businesses and commercialize their intellectual property in dozens of countries. He holds a B.A. International Economics from the George Washington University and has done PhD level coursework in development economics at Southern Illinois University.
BOARD OF ADVISORS
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Sandra Aistars, Professor of Law, Antonin Scalia Law School, George Mason University
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Jennifer Brant, Director, Innovation Insights
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The Hon. F. Scott Kieff, Founder, Kieff Strategies, LLC, Professor of Law, George Washington University
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James Pooley, Pooley PLC